Pengaruh Durasi Pengasapan Terhadap Sifat Tarik Serat Tunggal dan Morfologi Permukaan Serat Pelepah Aren (Arenga Pinnata)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55826/jtmit.v5i1.1572Keywords:
Serat Pelepah Aren, Pengasapan, Kekuatan Tarik, Komposisi Kimia, Morfologi PermukaanAbstract
Pemanfaatan serat alam sebagai penguat komposit ramah lingkungan terus meningkat, namun keterbatasan sifat fisik, kimia, dan ikatan antarmuka masih menjadi tantangan utama dalam aplikasinya. Salah satu pendekatan modifikasi serat yang potensial dan relatif sederhana adalah perlakuan pengasapan, yang mampu memodifikasi struktur kimia dan morfologi permukaan serat. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh durasi pengasapan suhu rendah terhadap komposisi kimia, sifat fisik, morfologi permukaan, dan kekuatan tarik serat tunggal pelepah aren bagian bawah. Pengasapan dilakukan menggunakan kotak pengasapan dengan sumber asap dari pembakaran tempurung kelapa, pada suhu terkontrol 45 °C, dengan variasi durasi 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 jam. Parameter yang diuji meliputi komposisi kimia, kekuatan tarik serat tunggal, serta karakterisasi permukaan menggunakan SEM. Hasil menunjukkan hemiselulosa menurun dari 23,70% menjadi 19,70% dan lignin dari 17,17% menjadi 10,34%. Kekuatan tarik meningkat dari 210,64 MPa menjadi maksimum 421,59 MPa pada durasi 15 jam, kemudian menurun pada 20 jam. Citra SEM mengonfirmasi peningkatan kekasaran permukaan hingga durasi optimum 15 jam, sedangkan pengasapan 20 jam menunjukkan indikasi microcrack dan delaminasi. Durasi pengasapan 15 jam direkomendasikan sebagai kondisi optimum.
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