Optimasi Rantai Pasok Tandan Buah Segar Dan Pelepah (Limbah) Kelapa Sawit Pada Hulu Rantai Pasok Industri Kelapa Sawit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55826/jtmit.v5i1.1450Keywords:
Transshipment multi-komoditi, Rantai pasok, Keberlanjutan sosial, MILP, Optimasi, Industri kelapa sawitAbstract
Industri kelapa sawit menghadapi tantangan utama berupa tingginya production loss, biaya logistik yang besar, serta belum optimalnya pemanfaatan limbah perkebunan, khususnya pelepah kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model transshipment problem berbasis Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) untuk mengoptimalkan sistem transshipment multi-komoditi yang mengintegrasikan distribusi tandan buah segar (TBS) dan limbah pelepah. Model dirumuskan dengan tiga fungsi tujuan, yaitu minimasi kerugian produksi (Z1), minimasi total biaya operasional (Z2), dan maksimasi keuntungan sosial–ekonomi (Z3) yang kemudian digabung menjadi 1 fungsi tujuan utama dengan satuan ekonomi. Studi kasus dilakukan di Kalimantan Timur dengan mempertimbangkan aliran TBS dari kebun ke pengepul dan pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS), serta aliran pelepah ke fasilitas pengolahan. Hasil optimasi baseline menunjukkan solusi optimal dengan nilai Z1 sebesar Rp3,13 miliar, Z2 sebesar Rp28,15 miliar, dan Z3 sebesar Rp470,18 miliar, sehingga menghasilkan nilai objektif total sebesar Rp438,89 miliar. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menekan kerugian produksi, mengendalikan biaya operasional, serta menghasilkan manfaat sosial dan ekonomi yang signifikan. Analisis sensitivitas mengonfirmasi bahwa faktor cuaca dan kapasitas pengolahan pelepah merupakan parameter paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja sistem, menegaskan pentingnya perencanaan kapasitas dan mitigasi risiko dalam mendukung keberlanjutan rantai pasok kelapa sawit.
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