Studi Evaluasi Dampak Ekonomi Antara Rugi-Daya (Losses) Terhadap Biaya Pokok Penyediaan (BPP) Tenaga Listrik Pada Sistem Kelistrikan
(Studi Kasus: PT PLN UP2B KALTIMRA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55826/jtmit.v5i3.2130Keywords:
Susut Transmisi, Biaya Pokok Penyediaan, Cost Of Losses, Merit Order Dispatch, Digsilent PowerfactoryAbstract
Sistem Mahakam yang dikelola PT PLN UP2B Kaltimra menghadapi dilema operasional antara memaksimalkan pembangkit batubara berbiaya rendah, yang menaikkan susut transmisi akibat aliran daya jarak jauh, dengan mengoperasikan pembangkit lokal berbiaya mahal yang menekan susut namun menaikkan biaya produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan profil susut, menganalisis korelasi dispatch pembangkit terhadap susut dan dampak finansialnya, serta menyusun skenario optimasi dispatch yang efisien dari sisi Total Cost, yaitu biaya pembangkitan ditambah Cost of Losses. Data 12 Laporan Evaluasi Operasi Bulanan 2025 (produksi 5.497,73 GWh, susut 41,95 GWh atau 0,763%) diolah melalui simulasi aliran daya Newton-Raphson di DIgSILENT PowerFactory yang divalidasi terhadap data AMR (r = 0,904), dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson, dan diuji pada enam skenario optimasi dispatch. Hasil menunjukkan BPP Sistem, bukan susut transmisi, sebagai penentu dominan Total Cost per kWh (r = +0,992), sementara Cost of Losses hanya berkontribusi 0,7-1,0%. Skenario dispatch yang mengoptimalkan biaya, susut, dan keandalan N-1 secara simultan menurunkan susut menjadi 0,934% dan menghemat Total Cost sekitar Rp18,1 Miliar per bulan tanpa mengorbankan keandalan sistem. Strategi dispatch yang tepat adalah memprioritaskan pembangkit dengan BPP riil terendah, bukan sekadar memaksimalkan porsi batubara.
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